Lepidosaphes ulmi L.

 

        The pest is widespread in the orchards of Guba-Khacmaz zone of Azerbaijan. The above-mentioned pest excluding tropical countries, mussel scale the distributed in all countries of the world on cultivated plants. Also they distributed in all the republics of the former USSR. They can be found in all areas of the Azerbaijan Republic. But this pest is very widespread and harms in Guba-Khachmaz zone. Despite the fact that in Azerbaijan widespread scale Lepidosaphes ulmi, but the biological characteristics of this pest been little studied, and entomophages of this pest is almost unknown. Pests in Lankaran zone of Azerbaijan studied by Imamkuliyev A.G. Rzaeva L.M. studied this pest in Eastern Transcaucasia. Wide polyphagos lives on trees and bushes (on the trunk, branches, twigs) pertaining to 30 families.
        It is a dangerous pest of fruit, gardens and ornamental plants in Guba-Khachmaz zone. Some of the trees are completely covered by this pest. Among the fruit trees suffer most apple trees. From the ornamental plants infected with this pest trees are poplars and willows, whose trunks and branches are completely covered by this pest.
        In such a way infected trees lagging behind the development, the leaves turn yellow and fall prematurely. Females have elongated plate, the end extended. Slightly flattened, which gives them commas prominent form. Shield of females brown, hard, length 2.5-3.5 mm. They have a 2-x larval skins and secretory part. Inside the panel there is a white-bright body, back part is grayish. Shields males and females almost similar, but male shields are undersized. From the literature it is known that the scale Lepidosaphes ulmi in nature occurs in 2 forms - parthenogenetic breeding and bisexual. In the former USSR there were two forms.
        In conducted in Guba-Khachmaz zone studies, we found a form of scale insects, which multiplies with parthenogenetic way. In this zone, the scale Lepidosaphes ulmi overwinters in the egg stage. Winter under the shield of dead females clearly visible overwintering eggs .These eggs are longish and have a light color. The Lepidosaphes ulmi scale eggs have frost resistant.
        According to our data, the number of eggs on different plants varies from 30 to 145 pieces. On apple trees the number of eggs for per female is a maximum of 128, at least 30, an average of 75 pieces. One female pest on poplar defined maximum number of eggs 137, at least 40, an average of 85 pieces, to a maximum of -108 willow minimum - 63, an average of 88 pieces.
        In Khachmaz in the II-III decade of May, and in Cuba in the III decade of May and in early June hatched larvae wandering. These larvae are elongate oval and yellow. They have well developed limbs and antennae. The larvae are very active. Exit stray larvae lasts for 20-25 days. These larvae after 1-2 days, and sometimes even 3-4 days of active motion is converted into a sedentary lifestyle and do not leave this place. Stray larvae harm mainly shoots and young females. Larvae attach themselves to the plants lose their limbs and antennae. Larvae attach themselves to the plants lose their limbs and antennae. The body is covered with a grayish-white shield. After a while the shield hardens. After 20-25 days the development the larvae molt. Larvae appear II age. The initial flaps further became hardens and has yellowish gray color. Further, he is brown. II age larvae develop over 30-35 days. In Khachmaz in the 2nd week of June, and in Cuba in late July, I larvae II age are found in large numbers. During the development of larvae II age males and females scale insects begin to differ. This difference shows itself in shield sizes, as well as shape and color bodies inside the shield. Male shield is smaller compared with females. Unlike females, male limbs and wings formed, they will soon leave the shield.In males developed massive departure occurs within 20-25 days. After mating with the young females, the males die. After 20-30 days the young females turn into adult females. For one month the body of the young larvae develops inside the shield.
        During this time, scale insects growing body of 1.5-2 and 2-2.5 shield. In Khachmaz in the half of August, and in Cuba in late August, early September there are adult females. Egg laying begin in Khachmaz in early September, and in Cuba in the II half of September.
        In Guba-Khachmaz region of Azerbaijan studied the Lepidosaphes ulmiscale. In this zone, the pest overwinters in the egg stage. In the year gives one generation. This pest is being polyphage widespread.

     

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